Title : ANALYSIS OF POWER THEFT DETECTION METHODS
Author: RAJASHREE
University : Visvesvaraya Technological University
VIDYA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MYSURU – 570 028
Author: RAJASHREE
University : Visvesvaraya Technological University
VIDYA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MYSURU – 570 028
ISSN : Volume: 01 Issue: 01 Publication Year: Sept 2026
ISSN :
Volume: 01 Issue: 01
Publication Year: Sept 2026
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Electricity usage should be thoroughly monitored to find the unauthorized access of the consumers. A big problem is seen in power areas, mainly in poor lands, due to power theft, which is also named non-technical loss. Much cash is lost due to this act. Small numbers on bad meters, skipped meters, bills with errors, and bills not paid are all seen as power theft. In the past, different paths were shown to find this crime. For instance, checks on users with odd power patterns are seen in these steps. Though theft can be cut a lot by fixed checks, a large crew and much work are needed for such tasks. Plus, a fail is still faced in most cases due to bad faith in the staff. Meter tampering is another way of stealing electricity. Out of total energy generated only 55% is billed and only 41% is realized.
1.1.1 Methods • Mechanical objects can be used by a user to stop a meter from turning so that wheel speed is decreased instantly and the logged power is lowered.• A magnet has been used by a user to change the electro-magnetic field of the coils. Which is accurately known that logged power is tied to this field.• Free power is given to users without any logs when an external phase is used before the meter terminals.• In this way, the coil is not passed through by the line current, so power use is not logged by the meter. Therefore this task should be solved by new chips and control tools.
Bad paths are carved by power theft as severe and dangerous outcomes are felt. High costs are first dealt to the utility firm and harm is then passed to its users. In addition the main power plant is overloaded by this theft. In the energy market cash is expected back by power firms from their users for the power supplied. However much of this cash is lost by them due to theft which shows why new steps to cut these losses cannot be funded by the firms. The drive to build new tools is hurt by these cash losses leaving firms unable to improve the power supply or add new lines to the grid. In the past, this type of case was generally seen in small towns, as high power has been needed for magnetic fields to run water pumps and motors. Today, however, this act is not limited to farms, since factories and home users are also found to take part in power theft. Many paths has been utilized to steal power. These paths consists of usage of fake seals, broken seals, bad meters, tilted meters, skipped meters, and changed wire lines.
1.1.2 Literature ReviewRevenue Assurance and Audit Process (RAAP) is composed of macro-functions to detect and analyze revenues involved in illegal consumption of electricity. Also, Mano R. et al. suggests proper design and implementation of rules in the investigation of illegal consumers. RAAP is targeted at improving the revenues for the utility by reducing commercial losses at about 20% each year. Nagi J. et al. proposed a novel approach of using Genetic Algorithm-Support Vector Machines (GA-SVM) for detecting illegal consumption of electricity. Load consumption data of all the households is collected and techniques are used to filter and group these customers before detecting illegal consumption.2.1 POWER THEFT DETECTION TECHNIQUES.2.1.1 BY POWER LINE COMMUNICATION (PLC).Signals via PLC are only valid over low-voltage VAC power lines, and the system must be applied to every low-voltage distribution network. As shown in Fig. 3, only one distribution transformer network is served by this layout, which must be repeated for every distribution grid. Although a unique use can be made of the proposed system, it is better combined with an automatic meter reading system (AMR). If an AMR system is used in any network, a host PLC unit and a PLC modem for each user must be contained in the setup. In Fig. 3, the host PLC unit and other PLC modems are named PLC1A and PLCNA, and are used for AMR. Communication with each other is provided by these units, and the logged data in kilowatt-hour meters is sent by them to the PLC unit.
Fig. 3: The proposed system
To find unauthorized usage of electricity the PLC modem and the meter chip has been installed on every user to an old AMR system. As shown, the chips and PLC units are section of the tool used to find theft. These tools must be set at the link point between the main grid lines and the lines of the users. Since this link point is usually high in the air or deep in the ground, it cannot be reached by anyone, so it can be kept safe with ease. First the data logged in the meters at each home is sent to the main PLC box by the lines at the user site. At the same time the power is read by the chips at the link points and this data is also sent to the main PLC box. Thus two sets of logged data are held in the main PLC box one from the home AMR-PLC and one from the box link points. The two sets of data has been analyzed by the main PLC box if a gap is seen between the two reads a fault sign is made. This means unauthorized usage has been found in the grid. After that the prime line and the fault signs are found and then sent to the prime office. Which has been asked for a switch can be put at the user site so the power is shut off at once when theft is found. Advantages• The developed system is simple and easy to operate.• Time and cash losses are cut for the power firm by this tool.• A better user interface and digital data analysis are provided by the system.• High popularity is gained by this setup due to its low cost and widespread availability• Any spot with an AC outlet can be reached by data signals when communication over a power line is used.Disadvantages• It has a high level noise and electromagnetic compatibility.• It has to have high robustness to impulsive noise.• Initial cost is high.2.1.2 BY GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM)
Fig 4: Energy Meter A meter is installed on the load side to measure the power consumed by the load over a set time. In addition, a feature is provided by which that data is sent to a receiver using Bluetooth tools.
Fig 5: metering system Fig 6: Pole based meter system.
Power sent over each line linked to that pole can be measured by this meter. A wireless data receiver consists of micro-controller and a digital energy meter in the single unit. The power sent over each line for a fixed time block has been measured by the digital energy meter. Power consumed by the load (L1) over a set block of time will be measured by the digital energy meter (M1). Data that is tied to this consumed power will be sent to the receiver with the help of a data transmitter. The data sent by the transmitter in the load-side meter will be received by the receiver on the pole system and then immediately it will be forwarded to the microcontroller. The immediately the power sent over line 1 will be measured by the energy meter on the pole and the correct data will be given to the microcontroller. Now both data has been held by the microcontroller one with the power calculated on the pole itself and the other with the power consumed by the load (L1). Suppose a tap is made on the line by an unauthorized person to link their appliance which has been shown in figure 1. Over a fixed block of time, a gap will be seen between the meter read (M1) and the pole based read. These two values will be compared by the microcontroller and if the value read on the pole is found to be more than the value sent by the meter (M1) by a set limit power theft is known to be taking place on line 1.This theft sign made on the pole system can then be sent to the main substation with the use of GSM tools. A set tolerance must be provided for line losses. Because a gap will be seen between the read of the load-side meter and the pole side meter over a long block of time due to the loss of the line between the pole and the load this tolerance must be set through the programming of the microcontroller. An SMS is sent by the GSM module when power theft or any line fault is made in a transmission line. Once a power theft or line fault is found by the microcontroller a command is given to the GSM module so that a proper message is sent to the substation.
Advantages• Very little power is consumed by the system for its operation.• System operation is independent of time (24 hours functioning).• Automatic user identification.• Low cost and low power consumption.• Data collection and manipulation task becomes easier.• Unit calculation can be done effectively.• It displaying information in long distance and the information can be send after according to user requirements.• Automatic user identification.Disadvantages• Cannot determine who is stealing but even no other existing system is capable of doing this.• If implemented on a large scale, much time and manual input may be required.• Comprehensive range of frequencies are required to facilitate large number of users2.1.3 BY Zigbee NETWORKHigh efficacy is achieved by this approach compared to alternative methods due to its reliable communication links, self-healing networks, low power needs, and zero traffic. Furthermore, over 60,000 devices can be managed by this setup, and the installation of Zigbee tools in most locations. The unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band, which is available worldwide, is used by this system. A range between 10 m and 2 km is maintained by Zigbee, and good compatibility is shown with networks such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and GPRS. Furthermore, a scalable networking solution is provided by it, making the setup suitable for use in control and monitoring tasks. In case of theft, GSM was selected as the secondary communication network to send an SMS to the authorities, because a built-in transport layer encryption is supported by most GSM network providers.• Transmitter section
Fig 7: Block diagram
A load, a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a PIC microcontroller and a differential relay are contained in the unit. The household load is connected in series to the AC supply mains through a switch that is operated by the action of a relay. The current required for the user is measured by the current transformer, while the voltage of operation for the user is measured by the voltage transformer. The measured values are given to the PIC microcontroller where an inbuilt ADC with RISC architecture is used to convert the analog values into digital values. These values are stored in the microcontroller registers and the information is transmitted to the receiver whenever a request for the data is made by the remote controlling station. A clock signal is provided to the microcontroller by an oscillator & reference voltage is given for each IC used in the circuit.• Receiver section
Fig 8: Block diagramAn ARM microcontroller, a Zigbee receiver, an LCD display, and an alarm to alert the team to theft cases are contained in the receiver part, along with the external GSM modem to inform the authorities of theft cases via SMS.Advantages• 2.4 Ghz, 915 MHz and 868 MHz (license-free ISM band).• It may gives a big hand to vigilance squad to control theft quickly.• Extent of theft can be identified.• Errorless tariff calculation and low power consumption.• Efficient meter reading, power monitoring and control.Disadvantages• A maintenance staff of very good skilled and high trained personnel are needed.• High maintenance cost.
2.1.4 AUTOMATIC METER READING (AMR):
Metering Billing Operations
Customer Services
Fig 9: Automatic meter reading (AMR)Consumption data has been automatically collected from water or energy meters (gas, electric) by a technology known as automatic meter reading or AMR. This data is then transferred to a central database management system for billing and analysis of the data. Because of this the heavy expenditure on a periodic meter reading to each physical location to read a meter is saved for utility providers by this technology. In addition with this billing has been generated based on the real time data consumption other than on based on the estimates drawn from past or previous usage. Tools based on phone lines (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF) are all included in AMR technologies. At the meter the full Automatic meter reading has been begins. To send meter readings from the consumer’s location to a main place the readings shown traditional meters need to be changed into digital data. In most cases, traditional old meters that are usually read manually are used in AMR systems.
Parts Of AMR
• A meter interface module consists of a power supply, sensors, control circuits and a communication system. It collects the meter readings and sends the data from the consumer’s location to a central office. • The interface provides two way communication between the remote unit and central office. This type of interface unit has been installed to all devices to get data from the remote location.
3.1 APPLICATIONS• For digital data transmission.• The module can be used for a data logger to make it wireless.• For parameter transmission/monitoring.• High initial cost.3.2 ADVANTAGES• Continuous remote monitoring: - monitoring of the transmission line in the remote areas can be done continuously 24 hours.• System health detection :- At receiver side LED‟s blink which indicate proper transmission between transmission and receiver side• Our circuit is totally noise free.• Components are easily available.• Low power consumption• One time investment• It will save money of employees those are taking door to door reading.• It is impossible to interrupt wireless data• Easy to implement• Flexible system
3.3 LIMITATIONS• We cannot detect actual amount of power because we are differentiating current.• In case of power failure, system fails .this disadvantage can be overcome by using UPS or backup power.CONCLUSIONThrough this design a conclusion has been drawn that theft of electricity can be successfully suppressed when the exact spot of the crime is found and the facts are sent to the authorities. Thus the main issues tied to theft of electricity by users can be successfully met by this layout in a fully automated, low-cost and reliable way. A GSM wireless theft of electricity monitoring system uses wireless system and computer network technology to send an SMS when theft of electricity is detected. Through this setup verdict can be drawn that theft of electricity can be successfully suppressed when the exact spot of the crime is found and the facts are sent to the authorities. Time is saved and the profit margin is maximized for electricity Distribution Company by the usage of this methods. A endless eye can be kept on its customers by the utility company and an SMS is sent by the system to the server station immediately if any pilferage occurs. Legal actions can be taken against consumers who are resorting to electricity theft with the help of an SMS. If these proposed new technology has been initiated, losses for the electricity Distribution Companies in India can be reduced successfully.
References1. Cavdar, I. H. (2004). A solution to remote detection of illegal electricity usage via power line communications. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19(4), 1663–1667. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2003.8225402. Bharath, P., Ananth, N., Vijetha, S., & Prakash, K. V. J. (2008). Wireless automated digital energy meter. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET) (pp. 564–567). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSET.2008.47470713. Luan, S. W., Teng, J. H., Chan, S. Y., & Hwang, L. C. (2009). Development of a smart power meter for AMI based on ZigBee communication. In 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS) (pp. 661–665). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDS.2009.53857264. Tao, W., Zhang, Q., & Cui, B. (2008). The design of energy management terminal unit based on double MSP430 MCU. In 2008 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED) (pp. 343–346). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CICED.2008.52117415. Pyasi, A., & Verma, V. (2008). Improvement in electricity distribution efficiency to mitigate pollution. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. IEEE.6. Wikipedia contributors. (2010, February). Electrical power supply system for India. Wikipedia. https://www.wikipedia.org/7. Nagi, J., Mohamad, M., Yap, K. S., Tiong, S. K., Ahmed, S. K., & Mohamad, M. (2008). Non-technical loss analysis for detection of electricity theft using support vector machines. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Power and Energy Conference (PECon 2008) (pp. 907–912). IEEE.8. Nagi, J., Mohamad, M., Yap, K. S., Tiong, S. K., Ahmed, S. K., & Mohamad, M. (2010). Non-technical loss analysis for detection of electricity theft using support vector machines. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 25(3), 1162–1171.9. Jokar, P., Arianpoo, N., & Leung, V. C. M. (2016). Electricity theft detection in AMI using customers’ consumption patterns. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(1), 216–226. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.242522210. Sreenu, K. G., & Sreenivasulu, G. (2021). A comprehensive review of electricity theft detection techniques using machine learning and deep learning approaches. IEEE Access.11. Depuru, S. S. S. R., Wang, L., & Devabhaktuni, V. (2011). Electricity theft: Overview, issues, prevention and a smart meter based approach to control theft. Energy Policy, 39(2), 1007–1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.11.03712. Anderson, R. J. (2007). Security engineering: A guide to building dependable distributed systems (2nd ed.). Wiley.13. Faria, R., & Vale, Z. (2020). Detection of non-technical losses in electrical distribution systems using data-driven approaches. Electric Power Systems Research.14. Jokar, P., Arianpoo, N., & Leung, V. C. M. (2015). Automatic electricity theft detection using advanced metering infrastructure. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.
Electricity usage should be thoroughly monitored to find the unauthorized access of the consumers. A big problem is seen in power areas, mainly in poor lands, due to power theft, which is also named non-technical loss. Much cash is lost due to this act. Small numbers on bad meters, skipped meters, bills with errors, and bills not paid are all seen as power theft. In the past, different paths were shown to find this crime. For instance, checks on users with odd power patterns are seen in these steps. Though theft can be cut a lot by fixed checks, a large crew and much work are needed for such tasks. Plus, a fail is still faced in most cases due to bad faith in the staff. Meter tampering is another way of stealing electricity. Out of total energy generated only 55% is billed and only 41% is realized.
1.1.1 Methods
• Mechanical objects can be used by a user to stop a meter from turning so that wheel speed is decreased instantly and the logged power is lowered.
• A magnet has been used by a user to change the electro-magnetic field of the coils. Which is accurately known that logged power is tied to this field.
• Free power is given to users without any logs when an external phase is used before the meter terminals.
• In this way, the coil is not passed through by the line current, so power use is not logged by the meter. Therefore this task should be solved by new chips and control tools.
Bad paths are carved by power theft as severe and dangerous outcomes are felt. High costs are first dealt to the utility firm and harm is then passed to its users. In addition the main power plant is overloaded by this theft. In the energy market cash is expected back by power firms from their users for the power supplied. However much of this cash is lost by them due to theft which shows why new steps to cut these losses cannot be funded by the firms. The drive to build new tools is hurt by these cash losses leaving firms unable to improve the power supply or add new lines to the grid. In the past, this type of case was generally seen in small towns, as high power has been needed for magnetic fields to run water pumps and motors. Today, however, this act is not limited to farms, since factories and home users are also found to take part in power theft. Many paths has been utilized to steal power. These paths consists of usage of fake seals, broken seals, bad meters, tilted meters, skipped meters, and changed wire lines.
1.1.2 Literature Review
Revenue Assurance and Audit Process (RAAP) is composed of macro-functions to detect and analyze revenues involved in illegal consumption of electricity. Also, Mano R. et al. suggests proper design and implementation of rules in the investigation of illegal consumers. RAAP is targeted at improving the revenues for the utility by reducing commercial losses at about 20% each year. Nagi J. et al. proposed a novel approach of using Genetic Algorithm-Support Vector Machines (GA-SVM) for detecting illegal consumption of electricity. Load consumption data of all the households is collected and techniques are used to filter and group these customers before detecting illegal consumption.
2.1 POWER THEFT DETECTION TECHNIQUES.
2.1.1 BY POWER LINE COMMUNICATION (PLC).
Signals via PLC are only valid over low-voltage VAC power lines, and the system must be applied to every low-voltage distribution network. As shown in Fig. 3, only one distribution transformer network is served by this layout, which must be repeated for every distribution grid. Although a unique use can be made of the proposed system, it is better combined with an automatic meter reading system (AMR). If an AMR system is used in any network, a host PLC unit and a PLC modem for each user must be contained in the setup. In Fig. 3, the host PLC unit and other PLC modems are named PLC1A and PLCNA, and are used for AMR. Communication with each other is provided by these units, and the logged data in kilowatt-hour meters is sent by them to the PLC unit.
Fig. 3: The proposed system
To find unauthorized usage of electricity the PLC modem and the meter chip has been installed on every user to an old AMR system. As shown, the chips and PLC units are section of the tool used to find theft. These tools must be set at the link point between the main grid lines and the lines of the users. Since this link point is usually high in the air or deep in the ground, it cannot be reached by anyone, so it can be kept safe with ease. First the data logged in the meters at each home is sent to the main PLC box by the lines at the user site. At the same time the power is read by the chips at the link points and this data is also sent to the main PLC box. Thus two sets of logged data are held in the main PLC box one from the home AMR-PLC and one from the box link points. The two sets of data has been analyzed by the main PLC box if a gap is seen between the two reads a fault sign is made. This means unauthorized usage has been found in the grid. After that the prime line and the fault signs are found and then sent to the prime office. Which has been asked for a switch can be put at the user site so the power is shut off at once when theft is found.
Advantages
• The developed system is simple and easy to operate.
• Time and cash losses are cut for the power firm by this tool.
• A better user interface and digital data analysis are provided by the system.
• High popularity is gained by this setup due to its low cost and widespread availability
• Any spot with an AC outlet can be reached by data signals when communication over a power line is used.
Disadvantages
• It has a high level noise and electromagnetic compatibility.
• It has to have high robustness to impulsive noise.
• Initial cost is high.
2.1.2 BY GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM)
Fig 4: Energy Meter
A meter is installed on the load side to measure the power consumed by the load over a set time. In addition, a feature is provided by which that data is sent to a receiver using Bluetooth tools.
Fig 5: metering system
Fig 6: Pole based meter system.
Power sent over each line linked to that pole can be measured by this meter. A wireless data receiver consists of micro-controller and a digital energy meter in the single unit. The power sent over each line for a fixed time block has been measured by the digital energy meter. Power consumed by the load (L1) over a set block of time will be measured by the digital energy meter (M1). Data that is tied to this consumed power will be sent to the receiver with the help of a data transmitter. The data sent by the transmitter in the load-side meter will be received by the receiver on the pole system and then immediately it will be forwarded to the microcontroller. The immediately the power sent over line 1 will be measured by the energy meter on the pole and the correct data will be given to the microcontroller. Now both data has been held by the microcontroller one with the power calculated on the pole itself and the other with the power consumed by the load (L1). Suppose a tap is made on the line by an unauthorized person to link their appliance which has been shown in figure 1. Over a fixed block of time, a gap will be seen between the meter read (M1) and the pole based read. These two values will be compared by the microcontroller and if the value read on the pole is found to be more than the value sent by the meter (M1) by a set limit power theft is known to be taking place on line 1.This theft sign made on the pole system can then be sent to the main substation with the use of GSM tools. A set tolerance must be provided for line losses. Because a gap will be seen between the read of the load-side meter and the pole side meter over a long block of time due to the loss of the line between the pole and the load this tolerance must be set through the programming of the microcontroller. An SMS is sent by the GSM module when power theft or any line fault is made in a transmission line. Once a power theft or line fault is found by the microcontroller a command is given to the GSM module so that a proper message is sent to the substation.
Advantages
• Very little power is consumed by the system for its operation.
• System operation is independent of time (24 hours functioning).
• Automatic user identification.
• Low cost and low power consumption.
• Data collection and manipulation task becomes easier.
• Unit calculation can be done effectively.
• It displaying information in long distance and the information can be send after according to user requirements.
• Automatic user identification.
Disadvantages
• Cannot determine who is stealing but even no other existing system is capable of doing this.
• If implemented on a large scale, much time and manual input may be required.
• Comprehensive range of frequencies are required to facilitate large number of users
2.1.3 BY Zigbee NETWORK
High efficacy is achieved by this approach compared to alternative methods due to its reliable communication links, self-healing networks, low power needs, and zero traffic. Furthermore, over 60,000 devices can be managed by this setup, and the installation of Zigbee tools in most locations. The unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band, which is available worldwide, is used by this system. A range between 10 m and 2 km is maintained by Zigbee, and good compatibility is shown with networks such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and GPRS. Furthermore, a scalable networking solution is provided by it, making the setup suitable for use in control and monitoring tasks. In case of theft, GSM was selected as the secondary communication network to send an SMS to the authorities, because a built-in transport layer encryption is supported by most GSM network providers.
• Transmitter section
Fig 7: Block diagram
A load, a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a PIC microcontroller and a differential relay are contained in the unit. The household load is connected in series to the AC supply mains through a switch that is operated by the action of a relay. The current required for the user is measured by the current transformer, while the voltage of operation for the user is measured by the voltage transformer. The measured values are given to the PIC microcontroller where an inbuilt ADC with RISC architecture is used to convert the analog values into digital values. These values are stored in the microcontroller registers and the information is transmitted to the receiver whenever a request for the data is made by the remote controlling station. A clock signal is provided to the microcontroller by an oscillator & reference voltage is given for each IC used in the circuit.
• Receiver section
Fig 8: Block diagram
An ARM microcontroller, a Zigbee receiver, an LCD display, and an alarm to alert the team to theft cases are contained in the receiver part, along with the external GSM modem to inform the authorities of theft cases via SMS.
Advantages
• 2.4 Ghz, 915 MHz and 868 MHz (license-free ISM band).
• It may gives a big hand to vigilance squad to control theft quickly.
• Extent of theft can be identified.
• Errorless tariff calculation and low power consumption.
• Efficient meter reading, power monitoring and control.
Disadvantages
• A maintenance staff of very good skilled and high trained personnel are needed.
• High maintenance cost.
2.1.4 AUTOMATIC METER READING (AMR):
Metering Billing Operations
Customer Services
Fig 9: Automatic meter reading (AMR)
Consumption data has been automatically collected from water or energy meters (gas, electric) by a technology known as automatic meter reading or AMR. This data is then transferred to a central database management system for billing and analysis of the data. Because of this the heavy expenditure on a periodic meter reading to each physical location to read a meter is saved for utility providers by this technology. In addition with this billing has been generated based on the real time data consumption other than on based on the estimates drawn from past or previous usage. Tools based on phone lines (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF) are all included in AMR technologies. At the meter the full Automatic meter reading has been begins. To send meter readings from the consumer’s location to a main place the readings shown traditional meters need to be changed into digital data. In most cases, traditional old meters that are usually read manually are used in AMR systems.
Parts Of AMR
• A meter interface module consists of a power supply, sensors, control circuits and a communication system. It collects the meter readings and sends the data from the consumer’s location to a central office.
• The interface provides two way communication between the remote unit and central office. This type of interface unit has been installed to all devices to get data from the remote location.
3.1 APPLICATIONS
• For digital data transmission.
• The module can be used for a data logger to make it wireless.
• For parameter transmission/monitoring.
• High initial cost.
3.2 ADVANTAGES
• Continuous remote monitoring: - monitoring of the transmission line in the remote areas can be done continuously 24 hours.
• System health detection :- At receiver side LED‟s blink which indicate proper transmission between transmission and receiver side
• Our circuit is totally noise free.
• Components are easily available.
• Low power consumption
• One time investment
• It will save money of employees those are taking door to door reading.
• It is impossible to interrupt wireless data
• Easy to implement
• Flexible system
3.3 LIMITATIONS
• We cannot detect actual amount of power because we are differentiating current.
• In case of power failure, system fails .this disadvantage can be overcome by using UPS or backup power.
CONCLUSION
Through this design a conclusion has been drawn that theft of electricity can be successfully suppressed when the exact spot of the crime is found and the facts are sent to the authorities. Thus the main issues tied to theft of electricity by users can be successfully met by this layout in a fully automated, low-cost and reliable way. A GSM wireless theft of electricity monitoring system uses wireless system and computer network technology to send an SMS when theft of electricity is detected. Through this setup verdict can be drawn that theft of electricity can be successfully suppressed when the exact spot of the crime is found and the facts are sent to the authorities. Time is saved and the profit margin is maximized for electricity Distribution Company by the usage of this methods. A endless eye can be kept on its customers by the utility company and an SMS is sent by the system to the server station immediately if any pilferage occurs. Legal actions can be taken against consumers who are resorting to electricity theft with the help of an SMS. If these proposed new technology has been initiated, losses for the electricity Distribution Companies in India can be reduced successfully.
References
1. Cavdar, I. H. (2004). A solution to remote detection of illegal electricity usage via power line communications. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19(4), 1663–1667. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2003.822540
2. Bharath, P., Ananth, N., Vijetha, S., & Prakash, K. V. J. (2008). Wireless automated digital energy meter. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET) (pp. 564–567). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSET.2008.4747071
3. Luan, S. W., Teng, J. H., Chan, S. Y., & Hwang, L. C. (2009). Development of a smart power meter for AMI based on ZigBee communication. In 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS) (pp. 661–665). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDS.2009.5385726
4. Tao, W., Zhang, Q., & Cui, B. (2008). The design of energy management terminal unit based on double MSP430 MCU. In 2008 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED) (pp. 343–346). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CICED.2008.5211741
5. Pyasi, A., & Verma, V. (2008). Improvement in electricity distribution efficiency to mitigate pollution. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. IEEE.
6. Wikipedia contributors. (2010, February). Electrical power supply system for India. Wikipedia. https://www.wikipedia.org/
7. Nagi, J., Mohamad, M., Yap, K. S., Tiong, S. K., Ahmed, S. K., & Mohamad, M. (2008). Non-technical loss analysis for detection of electricity theft using support vector machines. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Power and Energy Conference (PECon 2008) (pp. 907–912). IEEE.
8. Nagi, J., Mohamad, M., Yap, K. S., Tiong, S. K., Ahmed, S. K., & Mohamad, M. (2010). Non-technical loss analysis for detection of electricity theft using support vector machines. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 25(3), 1162–1171.
9. Jokar, P., Arianpoo, N., & Leung, V. C. M. (2016). Electricity theft detection in AMI using customers’ consumption patterns. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(1), 216–226. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2425222
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